Analgesics and Sedatives I - X
Ibuprofen
| Cat |
5 mg/kg BW PO q24h (Haskins, 1987) |
| Dog |
10 mg/kg BW PO q24-48h (Jenkins, 1987)
5 mg/kg BW PO q24h (Haskins, 1987) |
| Guineapig |
10 mg/kg BW IM, try q4h (Flecknell, 1991) |
| Mouse |
7.5 mg/kg BW PO (Jenkins, 1987)
7.5 mg/kg BW PO, try q4h (Flecknell, 1991)
30 mg/kg BW PO (Liles and Flecknell, 1992) |
| Rat |
10-30 mg/kg BW PO (Jenkins, 1987)
10-30 mg/kg BW PO, try q4h (Flecknell, 1991)
15 mg/kg BW PO (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Rabbit |
10-20 mg/kg BW IV, try q4h (Flecknell, 1991) |
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Indomethacin
| Guineapig |
8.8 mg/kg BW PO (Albengres et al., 1988) |
| Mouse |
1 mg/kg BW PO (Liles and Flecknell, 1992) |
| Rat |
2 mg/kg BW PO (Liles and Flecknell, 1992) |
| Rabbit |
12.5 mg/kg BW PO (Keller et al., 1988) |
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Ketamine
| Bird |
See under Anesthetics |
| Cat |
10-30 mg/kg BW IM, IV (Kinsell, 1986) |
| Ferret |
10-20 mg/kg BW IM (Morrisey et al., 1996)
20-30 mg/kg BW IM (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Guineapig |
25-30 mg/kg BW IM (Bauck, 1989)
22-64 mg/kg BW IP (Sander, 1992) |
| Hamster |
60 mg/kg BW IM (Bauck, 1989) |
| NHP |
5-40 mg/kg BW IM (Holmes, 1984) |
| Rabbit |
30 mg/kg BW IM (Bauck, 1989) |
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Ketoprofen
| Cat |
1-2 mg/kg BW IM, IV, SC sid (Hellyer and Gaynor, 1998)
1 mg/kg BW PO after first 24 h following injection (Hellyer and Gaynor, 1998) |
| Dog |
2 mg/kg BW IM (Pibarot et al., 1997) |
| Guineapig |
1 mg/kg BW IM (Perrin et al., 1990)
3 mg/kg BW IM (Flecknell, 1996) |
Ketoprofen and oxymorphone
(respectively)
| Dog |
2 mg/kg BW IM and 0.05 mg/kg BW IM (Pibarot et al., 1997) |
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Meclofenamic acid
| Cat |
2.2 mg/kg BW PO q24h (Haskins, 1987) |
| Dog |
0.5-1 mg/kg BW PO sid in food, then qod for maintenance (Boulay et al., 1995)
2.2 mg/kg BW PO q24h (Haskins, 1987)
Note: Test dosage-0.5 mg/lb sid for 5 days. If therapeutic results
achieved, wait till signs exacerbate. Then drop dosage to 0.5 mg/lb qod till achieve signs
of remission. Then drop to 0.5 mg/lb every third day for 1 week. If signs still remissed,
drop dosage to 0.5 mg/lb every fourth day. If signs still remissed, drop dosage to 0.5
mg/lb every fifth day. When signs show exacerbation, back up one step and maintain that
dosage level (Kinsell, 1986). |
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Medetomidine
| Cat |
10-40 µg/kg BW W (Ko et al., 1997)
40-80 µg/kg BW IM (Ko et al., 1997) |
| Dog |
10-20 µg/kg BW IV (Ko et al., 1997)
30-40 µg/kg BW IM (Ko et al., 1997)
0.1-0.8 mg/kg BW IM, IV, SC (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Ferret |
80 µg/kg BW IM (Ko et al., 1997) |
| Goat |
25 µg/kg BW IM (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Mouse |
30-100 µg/kg BW SC (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Rat |
30-100 µg/kg BW IP, SC (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Rabbit |
0.1-0.5 mg/kg BW IM, SC (Flecknell, 1996)
0.3-0.5 mg/kg BW SC (Aeschbacher, 1995)
0.25 mg/kg BW IM (Ko et al., 1992) |
| Sheep |
25 µg/kg BW IM (Flecknell, 1996) |
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Meperidine
| Cat |
2-10 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2h (Jenkins, 1987)
2-4 mg/kg BW IM, SC (Kinsell, 1986) |
| Chinchilla |
1-2 mg/kg BW IM, SC (Johnson-Delaney, 1996) |
| Dog |
2-10 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Jenkins, 1987)
6-10 mg/kg BW IM, SC (Kinsell, 1986) |
| Ferret |
5-10 mg/kg BW IM, SC q2-4h (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Goat |
2-10 mg/kg BW SC, IM (Swindle and Adams, 1988) |
| Guineapig |
20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Jenkins, 1987)
10-20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Flecknell, 1991) |
| Hamster |
20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Jenkins, 1987) |
| Mouse |
20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Jenkins, 1987)
10-20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Flecknell, 1991)
20-40 mg/kg BW IP (Clifford, 1984)
60 mg/kg BW IM (Hughes, 1981) |
| NHP |
2-4 mg/kg BW IM q3-4h (Jenkins, 1987)
11 mg/kg BW IM (CCAC, 1984) |
| Rat |
20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Jenkins, 1987)
10-20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Flecknell, 1991) |
| Rabbit |
10 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Jenkins, 1987)
10-20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Flecknell, 1991) |
| Sheep |
2-10 mg/kg BW SC, IM (Swindle and Adams, 1988)
2 mg/kg BW IM, IV q2-4h (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Swine |
2 mg/kg BW IM, IV q2-4h (Flecknell, 1996)
4-10 mg/kg BW IM (Swindle and Adams, 1988) |
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Methadone
| Guineapig |
3-6 mg/kg BW SC (Jenkins, 1987) |
| Hamster |
3-6 mg/kg BW SC (Jenkins, 1987) |
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Midazolam
| Bird |
Quail: 6 mg/kg BW IM (Day and Boge, 1996) |
| Goat |
0.5 mg/kg BW IV (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Mouse |
5 mg/kg BW IM, IP (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Rat |
2 mg/kg BW IV (Flecknell, 1987)
4 mg/kg BW IM, IP (Flecknell, 1987)
5 mg/kg BW IP (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Rabbit |
2 mg/kg BW IV (Flecknell, 1987)
2 mg/kg BW intranasally (Robertson and Eberhart, 1994)
4 mg/kg BW IM, IP (Flecknell, 1987)
0.5-2 mg/kg BW IM, IP, IV (Flecknell, 1996) |
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Midazolam and ketamine (respectively)
| Cat |
5-10 mg/kg BW IM and 0.2 mg/kg BW IM (Mama, 1998) |
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Midazolam and oxymorphone (respectively)
| Dog |
0.05 mg/lb BW IM and 0.025-0.1 mg/lb BW IM for induction (Ko et al., 1994) |
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Morphine
| Cat |
0.1 mg/kg BW SC, IM q4-6h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987)
0.1 mg/kg BW IM, SC q6-7h; use with caution (Kinsell, 1986) |
| Dog |
0.25-5.0 mg/kg BW SC, IM q4-6h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987)
0.1 mg/kg BW of preservative-free solution (in 0.9% saline) given epidurally; give 0.3
ml/kg BW not to exceed 6 ml (Carroll, 1996) |
| Ferret |
0.5-5 mg/kg BW IM, SC qid (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Guineapig |
10 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-4h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987)
2-5 mg/kg BW SC, IM q4h (Flecknell, 1991) |
| Hamster |
10 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-4h (Jenkins, 1987) |
| Mouse |
10 mg/kg BW SC q2-4h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987)
2-5 mg/kg BW SC, hourly (Flecknell, 1991) |
| NHP |
1-2 mg/kg BW SC q4h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987)
3 mg/kg BW SC (Domino et al., 1969) |
| Rat |
10 mg/kg BW SC q2-4h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987)
2-5 mg/kg BW SC, hourly (Flecknell, 1991) |
| Rabbit |
5 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-4h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987)
2-5 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-4h (Flecknell, 1991) |
| Sheep |
0.2-0.5 mg/kg BW IM q4h (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Swine |
0.2-0.9 mg/kg BW SC (Swindle and Adams, 1988) |
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Morphine and acepromazine (respectively)
| Cat |
0.2-0.5 mg/kg BW IM and 0.02-0.05 mg/kg BW IM, IV (Raffe, 1995) |
| Dog |
0.05-1 mg/lb BWIM and 0.025-0.1 mg/lb (maximum 3 mg) BW IM for induction (Ko et al.,
1994)
0.5-1.5 mg/kg BW IM and 0.02-0.1 mg/kg BW IM, IV (Raffe, 1995) |
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Nalbuphine
| Cat |
1.5-3 mg/kg BW IV q3h (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Dog |
0.5-2.0 mg/kg BW SC, IM, IV q3-8h (Jenkins, 1987) |
| Guineapig |
1-2 mg/kg BW IM, IP, IV (Flecknell, 1996) |
| Mouse |
4-8 mg/kg BW IM q4h (Flecknell, 1989) |
| Rat |
2-5 mg/kg BW IM q4h (Flecknell, 1989)
1-2 mg/kg BW IM q3h (Flecknell, 1991) |
| Rabbit |
1-2 mg/kg BW IV q4-5h (Flecknell, 1989) |
| Sheep |
1 mg/kg SC q2-3h (Flecknell, 1989) |
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Naproxen
| Dog |
5 mg/kg BW loading dose, then 1.2-2.8 mg/kg BW PO q24h (Jenkins, 1987)
5 mg/kg BW PO sid, then 2 mg/kg BW PO qod are common but not recommended (high ulcerogenic
potential and narrow margin of safety) (Bouiay et al., 1995) |
| Guineapig |
14.9 mg/kg BW PO (Albengres et al., 1988) |
| NHP |
10 mg/kg BW PO q12h Gunge et al., 1992) |
| Rat |
14.5 mg/kg BW PO (Borchard et al., 1990) |
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Oxymorphone
| Cat |
0.4-1.5 mg/kg BW SC, IM, IV (Jenkins, 1987)
0.2 mg/kg BW IM, IV, SC (Short, 1997) |
| Dog |
0.22 mg/kg BW SC, IM, IV (Jenkins, 1987)
0.1 mg/kg of preservative-free solution (in 0.9% saline) given epidurally; give 0.3 ml/kg
BW not to exceed 6 ml (Carroll, 1996) |
| Gerbil |
0.15 mg/kg BW IM (Trim et al., 1987) |
| Hamster |
0.15 mg/kg BW IM (Trim et al., 1987) |
| Mouse |
0.15 mg/kg BW IM (Trim et al., 1987) |
| NHP |
0.15 mg/kg BW SC, IM, IV in Old World monkeys (Rosenberg, 1991)
0.075 mg/kg BW SC, IM, IV in New World monkeys (Rosenberg, 1991) |
| Rat |
0.15 mg/kg BW IM (Trim et al., 1987) |
| Swine |
0.15 mg/kg BW IM (Swindle and Adams, 1988) |
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Oxymorphone and acepromazine
(respectively)
| Cat |
0.05-0.15 mg/kg BW IM, IV and 0.02-0.05 mg/kg BW IM, IV (Raffe, 1995) |
| Dog |
0.1-0.2 mg/kg BW IM, IV and 0.02-0.1 mg/kg BW IM, (Raffe, 1995) |
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Pentazocine
| Cat |
2-3 mg/kg BW SC, IM, IV q4h (Jenkins, 1987)
8 mg/kg BW IP q4h (Flecknell, 1985)
1-3 mg/kg BW SC, IM, IV; IV duration 2-4 h (Kinsell, 1986) |
| Dog |
2-3 mg/kg BW IM q4h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987)
15 mg/kg BW PO q8h (Jenkins, 1987)
1-3 mg/kg BW SC, IM, IV; IV duration 2-4 h (Kinsell, 1986) |
| Mouse |
10 mg/kg BW SC q3-4h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987)
10 mg/kg BW SC, hourly (Flecknell, 1991) |
| NHP |
2-5 mg/kg BW IM q4h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987) |
| Rat |
10 mg/kg BW SC q4h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987)
10 mg/kg BW SC, hourly (Flecknell, 1991) |
| Rabbit |
10-20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q4h (Flecknell, 1985; Jenkins, 1987)
5 mg/kg BW IV q2-4h (Flecknell, 1991) |
| Swine |
2-5 mg/kg BW IM q4h (Swindle and Adams, 1988) |
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Pentobarbital sodium
| Cat |
2-4 mg/kg BW IV for sedation (Kinsell, 1986) |
| Dog |
2-4 mg/kg BW IV for sedation (Kinsell, 1986) |
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Pethidine
| Guineapig |
20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Flecknell, 1987) |
| Mouse |
20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Flecknell, 1987) |
| NHP |
2-4 mg/kg BW IM q3-4h (Flecknell, 1987) |
| Rat |
20 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Flecknell, 1987) |
| Rabbit |
10 mg/kg BW SC, IM q2-3h (Flecknell, 1987) |
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Phenacetin
| Mouse |
200 mg/kg BW PO q4h (Flecknell, 1987) |
| Rat |
100 mg/kg BW PO q4h (Flecknell, 1987) |
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Phenylbutazone
| Cat |
15 mg/kg BW IV q8h (Haskins, 1987)
10-14 mg/kg BW PO q12h (Kinsell, 1986) |
| Dog |
15 mg/kg BW IV q8h (Haskins, 1987)
22 mg/kg BW PO q8h (Haskins, 1987)
6-7 mg/lb BW PO q8h with a maximum dosage of 800 mg per day, regardless of weight
(Kinsell, 1986) |
| Guineapig |
40 mg/kg BW PO (Wilhelmi, 1974) |
| Mouse |
30 mg/kg BW PO (Liles and Flecknell, 1992) |
| Rat |
20 mg/kg BW PO (Liles and Flecknell, 1992) |
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Piroxicam
| Dog |
0.3 mg/kg BW PO sid in food, then qod for maintenance (Boulay et al., 1995) |
| Guineapig |
5.7 mg/kg BW PO Albenges et al., 1988) |
| Mouse |
3 mg/kg BW PO (Liles and Flecknell, 1992) |
| Rat |
3 mg/kg BW PO (Liles and Flecknell, 1992) |
| Rabbit |
0.3 mg/kg BW PO q48h (Flecknell, 1996) |
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Tiletamine/zolazepam (Telazol)
|
Note: We recommend that users obtain the reference by Schobert, 1987, for the use of
Telazol |
| Ferret |
12 mg/kg BW IM (Morrisey et al., 1996) |
| Rabbit |
Not recommended |
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Tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine (respectively)
| Hamster |
20 mg/kg BW IP and 10 mg/kg BW IP (Forsythe et al 1992) |
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Xylazine
| Bird |
Used in combination with ketamine |
| Cat |
0.5 mg/lb BW IV (Kinsell, 1986)
1 mg/lb BW IM, SC (Kinsell, 1986) |
| Dog |
0.5 mg/lb BW IV (Kinsell, 1986)
1 mg/lb BW IM, SC (Kinsell, 1986) |
| Goat |
0.05-1 mg/kg BW IM (Swindle and Adams, 1988); however this is considered unpredictable
when given IM
0.01 mg/kg BW IV (NCSU, 1987) |
| Guineapig |
3-5 mg/kg BW IM (Harkness and Wagner, 1983) |
| Hamster |
4 mg/kg BW IM (Bauck, 1989) |
| Mouse |
4-8 mg/kg BW IM (Harkness and Wagner, 1983)
10 mg/kg BW IP (Flecknell, 1987) |
| NHP |
1-2 mg/kg BW IM (Green, 1982; CCAC, 1984) |
| Rat |
4-8 mg/kg BW IM (Harkness and Wagner, 1983)
1-3 mg/kg BW IM (Flecknell, 1987) |
| Rabbit |
3-5 mg/kg BW IM (Harkness and Wagner, 1983)
5 mg/kg BW IM (Hughes, 1981)
1-3 mg/kg BW IM (Flecknell, 1987) |
| Sheep |
0.05-1 mg/kg BW IM (Swindle and Adams, 1988)
0.1-0.15 mg/kg BW slow IV (NCSU, 1987) |
| Swine |
10 mg/kg BW IM (Swindle and Adams, 1988) |
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Xylazine and butorphanol (respectively)
| Dog |
0.25-0.5 mg/lb BW IM and 0.05-0.25 mg/lb BW IM for induction (Ko et al., 1994) |
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Xylazine and morphine (respectively)
| Dog |
0.25-0.5 mg/lb BW IM and 0.05-1 mg/lb BW IM for induction (Ko et al., 1994) |
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Xylazine and oxymorphone (respectively)
| Dog |
0.25-0.5 mg/lb BW IM and 0.025-0.1 mg/lb BW IM for induction (Ko et al., 1994) |
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