Themes in Signaling Receptor tyrosine kinases Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases Receptor dimerization is a universal mechanism for transmembrane sigaling   Mechanism of activation of receptor tyrosine kinases Mechanism of activation of the insulin receptor Structure of stem cell factor   The binding site on FGF-receptor 1 for FGF2 The binding site on FGFR1 for FGF2 The heparin-binding region in FGF receptor 1   The heparin-binding region in FGF receptor 1 Molecular surface view of a ternary FGF2/ FGFR1/ Heparin complex Top view of a ternary FGF2/ FGFR1/ Heparin complex   Multiple signaling pathways are activated by receptor tyrosine kinases Tyrosine autophosphorylation sites serve as docking sites for recruitment of signaling proteins resulting in activation of signaling pathways Protein modules involved in cell signaling   Adaptors and regulatory proteins Signaling proteins containing SH2 domains Docking proteins   The FRS2 family of docking proteins Paradigms for activation of signaling molecules I) Activation by translocation Paradigms for activation of signaling molecules II) Activation by tyrosine phosphoryation   Paradigms for activation of signaling molecules III) Activation by a conformational change The structure of the PTK domain of FGFR1 Different Conformations of the activation loops of the PTK domains of FGFR1 and Insulin receptor   Conformations of the activation loops of the active and inactive Insulin receptor PTK domain PTK inhibitors in complex with the catalytic domain of FGFR1 Interactions of the PTK inhibitor with amino acids in the hinge region of FGFR1     PTK inhibitors bound to the ATP binding site of FGFR1 PTK inhibitors bound to the ATP binding site of FGFR1