Michael Kozal, M.D.

Associate Professor of Medicine
Section of Infectious Diseases
Director, HIV Program VA CT and Chief, Section of Infectious Disease, VA CT Healthcare System

Research Interests

Dr. Kozal's major research interests are investigations of the genetic determinants of HIV drug resistance development and the use of new technologies to detect low abundance drug resistant viral variants. Dr. Kozal’s lab uses DNA microarrays and ultra-deep sequencing technologies to detect minority resistant viral variants in patients and study the impact of resistant variants on clinical outcomes. Dr. Kozal is also the principal investigator on multiple HIV clinical trials.

Selected Publications

• Kozal MJ, Shafer R, Winters M, Katzenstein D, Merigan TC. A mutation in the HIV reverse transcriptase and decline in CD4 lymphocyte numbers in long term zidovudine recipients. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1993;167:526-32.
• Kozal MJ, Shafer RW, Winters MA, et al. HIV-1 synctium-inducing phenotype, virus burden, codon 215 reverse transcriptase mutation and CD4 cell decline in zidovudine treated patients. Journal of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 1994;7:832-838.
• Kozal MJ, Kroodsma K, Winters MA, et al. Development of a didanosine (ddI) resistance mutation in 64 HIV-infected patients switched from zidovudine (ZDV) to ddI monotherapy: relationship to CD4+ T cell changes and virus burden. Annals of Internal Medicine 1994;121:253-268.
• Kozal MJ, Shah N, Shen N, et al. Extensive polymorphism observed in HIV-1 clade B protease gene using high density oligonucleotide arrays: implication for therapy. Nature Medicine 1996;2:753-8.
• Kozal MJ, Amico KR, Chiarella J, et lal. Antiretroviral resistance and high-risk transmission behavior among HIV+ patients in clinical care. AIDS 2004; 18(16):2185-9.
• Novak RM, Chen L, MacArthur RD, Baxter J, Huppler Hullsiek K, Peng G, Xiang Y, Henley C, Schmetter B, Uy J, van den Berg-Wolf and Kozal M. Prevalence of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Chronically HIV-Infected, Treatment Naïve Participants in the CPCRA FIRST Study: Implications for Routine Resistance Screening Prior to Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40(3):468-74.
• Kozal MJ, Amico KR, Chiarella J, et al. HIV Drug Resistance and HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors in Injection Drug Users. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2005;40(1):106-109.
• Kozal MJ, Amico KR, Chiarella J, et al. A Population Based and Longitudinal Study of Sexual Behavior and Multidrug Resistant HIV Among Patients in Clinical Care. MedGenMed. 2006 Jun 13;8(2):72-82.
• Kozal MJ, Huppler Hullsiek K, Leduc R, et al. Prevalence and Impact of HIV-1 Protease Codon 33 Mutations and Polymorphisms in Treatment-Naïve and Treatment-Experienced Patients Enrolling in Clinical Trials. Antiviral Therapy 2006;11(4):457-463.
• MacArthur RD, Novak RM, Peng G, Chen L, Xiang Y, Huppler Hullsiek K, Kozal MJ, et al. Long-Term Clinical and Immunologic Outcomes Are Similar in HIV-Infected Persons Randomized to NNRTI versus PI versus NNRTI+PI-based Antiretroviral Regimens as Initial Therapy: Results of the CPCRA 058 FIRST Study. Lancet 2006;368:2125-35.
• Braithwaite RS, Kozal MJ, Chang CH, et al. Adherence, Virologic Responses and Immunologic Outcomes for HIV+ Veterans Starting Combination Antiretroviral Therapies. AIDS. 2007 Jul 31;21(12):1579-89.
• Lataillade M, Chiarella J, and Kozal MJ. Natural Polymorphism of the HIV-1 Integrase gene. Antiviral Therapy. 2007;12(4):563-70.
• Desai SS, Kyriakides TC, Holodniy M, Al-Salman J, Griffith B and Kozal MJ. Evolution of Genotypic Resistance Algorithms and Their Impact on the Interpretation of Clinical Trials: An OPTIMA Trial Substudy. HIV Clinical Trials 2007;8(5):293-302.
• Kozal MJ, K Huppler Hullsiek, RD MacArthur, G Peng, Y. Xiang, JD Baxter M Van den Berg-Wolf, J Uy, EE Telzak and RM Novak. The Incidence of HIV Drug Resistance and Its Impact on Progression of HIV Disease Among Antiretroviral Naïve Participants Started on Three Different Antiretroviral Therapy Strategies. HIV Clinical Trials 2007;6(6):357-370.
• Liu-Young G and Kozal MJ. Hepatitis C Protease and Polymerase Inhibitors in Development. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 2008 Jun;22(6):449-57.
• Mary van den Berg-Wolf, K Huppler Hullsiek, Gr Peng, MJ Kozal, et al. Virologic, Immunologic, Clinical, Safety, and Resistance Outcomes from a Long-term Comparison of Efavirenz-Based Versus Nevirapine-Based ARV Regimens as Initial Therapy in HIV-1 Infected Persons. HIV Clin Trials. 2008;9(5):324-36.
• Kozal MJ. Drug Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Supplement: Environmental changes, microbial systems and infections; Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 Jan;15 Suppl 1:69-73.
• BB Simen, K Huppler Hullsiek, RM Novak, RD MacArthur, JD Baxter C Huang, C Lubeski, GS Turenchalk, MS Braverman, B Desany, JF Simons, JM Rothberg, M Egholm, and MJ Kozal. Low Abundance Drug Resistant Viral Variants in Chronically HIV-infected Antiretroviral-Naïve Patients Significantly Impact Treatment. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2009;199(5):693-701.
• Gupta S, Lataillade M, Farber S, and Kozal MJ. Raltegravir with Unboosted Atazanavir 300 mg Twice a Day in Antiretroviral Treatment Experienced Subjects. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care; In Press 2009.

Contact

Campus Address
135 College Street
Suite 323

E-mail
michael.kozal@yale.edu

Office Phone
(203) 688-2685

Fax
(203) 937-3476